Physiological response is an involuntary, automatic, internal process that is stimulated by something like stress or infection. Symptoms are how a person experiences those internal

Randomization, in the context of clinical research, is the process in which you associate a probability with being assigned to a treatment group. There are

A biomarker is something measurable in the body that provides a way to identify a specific biological condition. There are several types of biomarkers, but

Study personnel might feel like an obvious term—it’s the people involved in conducting research. There are so many types of study personnel, though, including the

Microglia are brain cells that help the immune system function in the central nervous system, so they’re considered the immune cells of the brain. When

Oxygen uptake efficiency is a way of identifying how well the body uses oxygen during exercise. It’s usually measured as the oxygen uptake efficiency slope